So why do leaves change color? Changes in leaves’ plants have three primary pigments that are important for the color changes we see during autumn: chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins.
Chlorophyll, the pigment that gives plants their green color, is necessary for photosynthesizing light and creating sugars that feed the plant. Carotenoids assist in photosynthesis and are responsible for the oranges and yellows color. Anthocyanins, acts as a protective “sunscreen” for leaves; they produce the red colors we see in leaves. Anthocyanins are produced only during the fall when chlorophyll levels start to drop.
During the growing season, chlorophyll takes center stage as it’s repeatedly produced and broken down again, making the leaves appear green. As the days become shorter, there is less available sunlight for photosynthesis. This slows chlorophyll production until none remains. The carotenoids and the anthocyanins are then left allowing the leaves to bare their brilliant colors.
Temperature and moisture are the main drivers of the amount and brilliance of the colors. Warm, sunny days with cool (but not freezing) nights allow for lots of sugars to be produced during the day, which are then trapped in the leaves as the cool nights close the leaves’ veins. This extra sugar leads to the production of more anthocyanins, boosting the reds, crimsons and purples in the leaves.
In most parts of the temperate world, 15% of tree species will turn yellow and only 10% will turn red. In certain regions, however, like New England, 30% of the woody species will turn yellow and an incredible 70% will turn red. You’ll find some of the most brilliant color changes in trees such as maple, dogwood, sumac, oak, poplars, birch and elm.
My friend Julia took this picture of the marina right after we left…thanks for the wonderful picture.
These pictures were taken by a local photographer in upstate New York. His name is John Kucko. Just out his Facebook page.
Fall isn’t all about the foliage…there are plenty of pumpkins, Indian corn, mums and gourds too.
Our first stop in the San Juan archipelago is Stuart Island. We find Reid Harbor busy, but the spacious bay accommodates many boats so finding a spot is no problem. Stuart Island is one of our favorite spots. We enjoy several days of hiking on this remote island. It is always good to get off the boat […]
Dirty Harry’s Balcony offers great views of the western Cascade Mountains on a relatively short hike that is closer to Seattle than most. The 4.2-mile (6.8 km) return trail ascends 1,354 ft (412 m) through healthy, second-growth forest from a trailhead that is only a 45-minute drive from our apartment. The trail is named not…
Waiting for the train to take us home.
Our last look at the Cirque from the train platform.
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